By Steve Hansen
All carbohydrates are not created equal. A food's glycemic index, or GI, describes this difference in the way carbs act in your body, by ranking them according to their immediate effect on blood glucose (blood sugar) levels.
Carbohydrates that breakdown quickly during digestion, causing a rapid blood sugar response, have the highest GI.
Carbohydrates that breakdown slowly, releasing glucose gradually into the blood stream, have a lower GI.
Choosing carbs that produce only small fluctuations in our blood glucose and insulin levels, low GI carbs, is the secret to long-term health. Low GI carbs help to reduce your risk of diabetes and heart disease, and promote sustainable weight loss.
How We Can Use Our Knowledge of the Glycemic Index
* A diet rich in low GI foods can help control established diabetes.
* A diet rich in low GI foods can help prevent the onset of diabetes later in life.
* In fact, a low GI diet can improve the body's sensitivity to insulin, reversing the risk for Adult Onset Type-II Diabetes.
* Low GI diets help people lose and control weight.
* Low GI diets can help people control blood cholesterol.
* A low GI diet reduces the risk of heart disease.
* Low GI foods reduce hunger and let you feel fuller longer.
* High GI foods can help re-fuel carbohydrate stores after exercise.
* High GI foods can provide energy for immediate high energy needs such as sprinting or powerlifting, but...
* ...low GI carbs provide energy for prolonged physical endurance.
* Help kids to choose low GI foods over high GI foods. This will make them less likely to be obese or develop diabetes, and their teeth will be healthier too.
Foods to Choose
Breads:
* Coarse European style whole grain wheat or rye pita bread
* Cracked or sprouted whole wheat
Cereals:
* Compact noodle-like high bran cereals (All-Bran, Fiber One)
* Uncooked oatmeal
* Porridge
* Whole Grain Cereal (Kashi) mixed with Psyllium (Fiberwise)
Pasta, Grains and Starchy Vegetables:
* Whole grain or whole wheat pasta
* Barley
* Bulgur
* Buckwheat (kasha)
* Couscous
* Kidney beans (not canned)
* Lentils
* Black-eyed peas
* Chick-peas
* Lima beans
* Peas
* Sweet Potato
* Yam
* Soybeans
* Most vegetables
Dairy Products:
* Skim or 1% milk
* Cottage cheese (lowfat or regular)
* Buttermilk
* Low-fat plain yogurt
* Low-fat fruited yogurt
* Low-fat frozen yogurt with artificial sweetener
* 2% cheese
Fruit:
Most fruit and natural no sugar added fruit juices are low to moderate GI foods. Choose fruit in moderation, but these are the best. All fruit must be fresh or frozen. No canned fruit in syrup!
* Apple
* Berries
* Cantaloupe
* Grapefruit
* Honeydew
* Oranges
* Pears
* Grapes
* Peaches
* No sugar added applesauce
* Fresh cherries
* Plums and...
* ...grapefruit are the lowest
Meats:
* Shellfish
* "White" fish (cod, flounder, trout, tuna in water)
* Chicken (white meat no skin)
* Turkey (white meat no skin)
* Cornish hen
* Venison (white meat no skin)
* Egg substitutes (cholesterol free)
* Eggs
Foods You Should Eat in Moderation
Breads:
* 100% stone ground whole wheat
* Pumpernickel
* 100% whole grain rye crackers
Cereals:
* Grape-nut cereal
* Medium-fine grain oatmeal (5-minute variety)
* Uncooked oatmeal
Pasta, Grains and Starchy Vegetables:
* Rice
* Boiled Potato
* Corn
* Navy beans
* Kidney beans (canned)
* Baked beans
* Beets
Dairy Products:
* 2% milk
* Cheese
* Regular plain yogurt
* Regular plain yogurt
Fruit:
* Banana
* Kiwi
* Mango
* Papaya
* Orange juice
Meats:
* Higher fat fish, (salmon, herring)
* Lean cuts of beef
* Lean cuts of pork
* Veal
* Low-fat imitation luncheon meat
Foods You Should Avoid
Breads:
* White bread
* Most commercial whole wheat breads
* English muffins
* Bagel
* French bread
* Most commercial matzoh
Cereals:
* Corn flakes
* Puffed rice
* Puffed wheat
* Flaked cereals
* Instant "Quick" or pre-cooked cereals
* Oatbran
* Rolled oats
* Shredded wheat
* Muesli
Pasta, Grains and Starchy Vegetables:
* Instant rice
* Brown rice
* Instant precooked starchy foods
* Baked potato
* Micro-waved potato
* Instant potato
* Winter squash (acorn, butternut)
* Carrots
* Parsnips
Dairy Products:
* Whole milk
* Ice milk
* Ice cream
* Yogurt sweetened with sugar
* Low-fat frozen desserts with sugar added
* Low-fat and regular frozen yogurt with sugar added
* Tofu ice cream
Fruit:
* Pineapple
* Raisins
* Watermelon
* Fruit juices sweetened with sugar
Meats:
* Most cuts of beef
* Pork
* Lamb
* Hot dogs (including "low-fat" versions)
* Regular cheese
* Luncheon meats
Source: physicalfitnessarticles.net
Source: physicalfitnessarticles.net
Hanson has 10 years experience in the fields of exercise science and sports nutrition. He writes articles on all forms of athletic training and nutritional theories.
